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UPDATE STATUS
INTRODUCTION
FORMS OF DOING BUSINESS
Main Forms of Doing Business with a Legal Presence
Main Forms of Doing Business
Specific Uses of Available Legal Entities
Specific Constraints of Available Legal Entities
Types of Partnerships and Hybrid Entities Available for International Business/ Structuring
FORMATION
Main Formation Requirements
Tax Consequences of Contributions
CORPORATE RESIDENCE
Corporate Tax Residence
Practical Aspects of Tax Residence
Potential Exclusion from Treaty Benefits for Failure to Meet Residence Test
Potential Loss of Tax Residence Status by Domestic Entities
Potential Acquisition of Tax Residence Status by Foreign Entities
Deemed Acquisition of Tax Residence Status by Foreign Entities
Tax Consequences of Acquisition or Loss of Tax Residence
Specific (Deemed) Residence Rules for Partnerships, Hybrid and Specific other Entities
PERMANENT ESTABLISHMENTS
Domestic PE of a Foreign Entity
Foreign PE of a Domestic Entity
PE Force of Attraction Principle
PE-Risk Grid for Foreign Entities Involved in Business Activities
Branch Profit (Deemed Remittance) Tax
TAX BASE
Tax Base for Resident Entities
Treatment of Foreign Profits / Losses
Tax Consolidation / Group Treatment
Tax Base for Non-Resident Entities
Source Rules with Respect to Income Derived by Non-Residents
Qualification of Specific Income Categories for Tax Purposes
DETERMINATION OF TAXABLE INCOME
Main Rules Governing the Determination of Taxable Income
Main Differences between Commercial and Tax Accounting
Depreciation and Amortization
Reserves and Provisions
Deduction of Cross-Border Payments and Non-Deductible Expenses
Excluded and Segregated Income
Taxation of Foreign-Source Income
LOSSES
General Rules
TAX RATES
Residents
Other Taxes
Non-Residents
Corporate/Profit Taxes
Withholding Taxes
Exit Strategies
ELIMINATION OF DOUBLE TAXATION
Unilateral and Treaty Based Methods Available for the Elimination or Mitigation of Double Taxation
INCENTIVES AND SPECIAL REGIMES
Financing Regimes
Intellectual Property Management Regimes
Other Regimes
Specific Incentives
Incentives
BUSINESS TRANSFORMATION AND RE-ORGANIZATION
Direct and Indirect Tax Consequences of Re-Organizations
Tax Consequence of Emigration of Business, Corporate Inversions and the Cessation of Business
VAT ON INTERNATIONAL TRANSACTIONS
VAT on the Supply of Goods by Non-Residents
VAT on the Supply of Services by Non-Residents
Refund of VAT to Non-Residents
BASE PROTECTION AND ANTI-AVOIDANCE MEASURES
GAAR and General Anti-Avoidance Measures
Thin-capitalization and other Restrictions to Interest Deduction
Main Rules
CFC and Similar Regimes
Transfer Pricing
Specific TP Issues
Documentation Requirements
APAs and Dispute Resolution Mechanisms
Other Anti-Avoidance Rules
TAX MANAGEMENT AND COMPLIANCE
Books and Records
Type of Assessment
Calendar of Important Compliance Events
Tax Audits
Interest and Penalties
Interest Compensation for Overpayment of Tax
Appeal Procedures
TAX CONTROVERSIES
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