On 27 September 2023, Eswatini signed the Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent BEPS (MLI). According to the provisional list of reservations and notifications, Eswatini intends to have the MLI cover 6 of its tax treaties. For the MLI to become effective for a particular treaty, both parties to a treaty must have included the treaty as a covered agreement, and both must have completed the required procedures for the ratification of the MLI.