On 23 April 2025, Japan's House of Councilors (upper house of parliament - Diet) approved the new income tax treaty with Turkmenistan. The treaty was approved by the House of Representatives (lower house) on 10 April. The treaty, signed 16 December 2024, will enter into force 30 days after the ratification instruments are exchanged and will apply from 1 January of the year following its entry into force. Once in force and effective, it will replace the 1986 tax treaty between Japan and the fo…